halukkah system was created, according to which the entire Jewish world sent financial aid to their co-religionists who lived in the Holy Land, men and women alike. Because of the difficulties in making a living in Palestine, the Pre-Zionist era system whereby Diaspora Jews financed the Jewish communities in the holy cities of Ere z Israel. The Old Yishuv Jews perceived themselves as an elite group representing the entire Jewish population in the Holy Land. They usually settled in new colonies they established or in Jaffa and Haifa, and they were referred to as the New Yishuv. From 1882 on, some of the newcomers arrived with new nationalistic ideals.

'Old Yishuv' refers to the Jewish community prior to 1882 'New Yishuv' to that following 1882. They have become known as the people of the Old > Jewish community in Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel. Both men and women came mainly to fulfill their wish to live in the Holy Land and to devote their lives to religious obligations. The immigrants came from a variety of regions, including eastern and western Europe, Asia, and North Africa. In 1914, on the eve of World War I, there were 86,000 Jews in the country. Newly developing political conditions and modern technologies, coupled with long-standing religious longings and new winds of migration blowing from Europe, were all factors that promoted the renewed and vigorous growth of the Jewish community.

At the time, approximately ten thousand Jews lived in the country, mainly in the four Holy Cities: Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed, and Tiberias. From 1840 onward (i.e., from the time that the Ottoman Empire regained Palestine from Egyptian rule) the Jewish community of Palestine began to expand at an ever-increasing pace.

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